Anti-Antiproliferative Factor (Gal-GalNAc-TVPAAVVVAC) Antibody

Anti-Antiproliferative Factor (Gal-GalNAc-TVPAAVVVAC) Antibody

This rabbit polyclonal antibody was generated against a cysteinylated two-sugar antiproliferative factor (APF) derivative (Gal-GalNAc-TVPAAVVVAC) and recognizes two-sugar APF derivitives.

Antiproliferative factor (APF) is a low molecular weight, heat stable sialoglycopeptide that containsthe transmembrane segment of Frizzled 8. It is made and secreted by bladder epithelial cells of patients with acondition known as interstitial cystitis (IC) which causes chronic pain due to ulcers, hemorrhaging, and thinning of the bladder epithelium. APF contributes to the pathology of IC by inhibiting bladder cell proliferation, and was also shown to regulate proliferation of bladder carcinoma cells. Recently, CKAP4/p63 was identified as a receptor for APF, but how its activity is mediated remains unknown.

From the laboratory of Susan K. Keay, MD, PhD, Department of Veterans Affairs.

Catalog Number Product DataSheet Size AVAILABILITY Price Qty
EVA011
Anti-Antiproliferative Factor (Gal-GalNAc-TVPAAVVVAC) Antibody
100ug (5.4mg/mL) In stock
Regular Price:$345.00
On Sale:
Specifications

Product Type: Antibody
Antigen: Gal-GalNAc-TVPAAVVVAC
Accession ID: Q9H461
Molecular Weight: 1378 Da
Clonality: Polyclonal
Immunogen: KLH-conjugated glycosylated peptide
Species Immunized: New Zealand White Rabbit
Purification Method: Protein A
Method Used to Determine Concentration: OD280
Buffer: PBS pH 7.4 with 0.1% sodium azide
Tested Applications: APF bioassay/dot blot
Concentration: 5.4mg/mL
Storage: -80C
Shipped: Cold Packs (Domestic, Overnight); Dry Ice (International)

Provider
From the laboratory of Susan K. Keay, MD, PhD, Department of Veterans Affairs.
References
  1. Siddiqui MA, Ambre S, Keay SK, Rhyne JM, Zhang CO, Barchi JJ Jr. Glycoamino Acid Analogues of the Thomsen-Friedenreich Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigen: Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Antiproliferative Factor Glycopeptides. ACS Omega. 2017 Sep 30;2(9):5618-5632. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01018. Epub 2017 Sep 8. PubMed PMID: 28983523; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5623948.
  2. Keay SK, Zhang CO. Abnormal Akt signalling in bladder epithelial cell explants from patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome can be induced by antiproliferative factor treatment of normal bladder cells. BJU Int. 2016 Jul;118(1):161-72. doi: 10.1111/bju.13457. Epub 2016 Mar 29. PubMed PMID: 26919663.
  3. Kim J, Keay SK, You S, Loda M, Freeman MR. A synthetic form of frizzled 8-associated antiproliferative factor enhances p53 stability through USP2a and MDM2. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e50392. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050392. Epub 2012 Dec 6. PubMed PMID: 23236372; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3516501.
  4. Yang W, Kim Y, Kim TK, Keay SK, Kim KP, Steen H, Freeman MR, Hwang D, Kim J. Integration analysis of quantitative proteomics and transcriptomics data identifies potential targets of frizzled-8 protein-related antiproliferative factor in vivo. BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt C):E1138-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11299.x. Epub 2012 Jun 28. PubMed PMID: 22738385; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3461241.
  5. Keay S, Leitzell S, Ochrzcin A, Clements G, Zhan M, Johnson D. A mouse model for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome based on APF inhibition of bladder epithelial repair: a pilot study. BMC Urol. 2012 Jun 8;12:17. PubMed PMID: 22682521; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3459789.
  6. Koch KR, Zhang CO, Kaczmarek P, Barchi J Jr, Guo L, Shahjee HM, Keay S. The effect of a novel frizzled 8-related antiproliferative factor on in vitro carcinoma and melanoma cell proliferation and invasion. Invest New Drugs. 2012 Oct;30(5):1849-64. doi: 10.1007/s10637-011-9746-x. Epub 2011 Sep 20. PubMed PMID: 21931970.
  7. Yang W, Chung YG, Kim Y, Kim TK, Keay SK, Zhang CO, Ji M, Hwang D, Kim KP, Steen H, Freeman MR, Kim J. Quantitative proteomics identifies a beta-catenin network as an element of the signaling response to Frizzled-8 protein-related antiproliferative factor. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2011 Jun;10(6):M110.007492. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M110.007492. Epub 2011 Mar 21. PubMed PMID: 21422242; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3108841.
  8. Keay S, Kaczmarek P, Zhang CO, Koch K, Szekely Z, Barchi JJ Jr, Michejda C. Normalization of proliferation and tight junction formation in bladder epithelial cells from patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome by d-proline and d-pipecolic acid derivatives of antiproliferative factor. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2011 Jun;77(6):421-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01108.x. Epub 2011 Apr 27. PubMed PMID: 21352500.
  9. Shahjee HM, Koch KR, Guo L, Zhang CO, Keay SK. Antiproliferative factor decreases Akt phosphorylation and alters gene expression via CKAP4 in T24 bladder carcinoma cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Dec 10;29:160. doi: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-160. PubMed PMID: 21143984; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3020166.
  10. Kim J, Ji M, DiDonato JA, Rackley RR, Kuang M, Sadhukhan PC, Mauney JR, Keay SK, Freeman MR, Liou LS, Adam RM. An hTERT-immortalized human urothelial cell line that responds to anti-proliferative factor. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2011 Jan;47(1):2-9. doi: 10.1007/s11626-010-9350-y. Epub 2010 Dec 7. PubMed PMID: 21136194; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3029472.
  11. Kaczmarek P, Tocci GM, Keay SK, Adams KM, Zhang CO, Koch KR, Grkovic D, Guo L, Michejda CJ, Barchi JJ Jr. Structure-Activity Studies on Antiproliferative Factor (APF) Glycooctapeptide Derivatives. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2010 Jul 19;1(8):390-4. doi: 10.1021/ml100087a. eCollection 2010 Nov 11. PubMed PMID: 24900223; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4007904.
  12. Sun Y, Keay S, Lehrfeld TJ, Chai TC. Changes in adenosine triphosphate-stimulated ATP release suggest association between cytokine and purinergic signaling in bladder urothelial cells. Urology. 2009 Nov;74(5):1163-8. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.02.066. Epub 2009 Jul 22. PubMed PMID: 19628257; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2777753.
  13. Planey SL, Keay SK, Zhang CO, Zacharias DA. Palmitoylation of cytoskeleton associated protein 4 by DHHC2 regulates antiproliferative factor-mediated signaling. Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Mar;20(5):1454-63. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E08-08-0849. Epub 2009 Jan 14. PubMed PMID: 19144824; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2649263.
  14. Kim J, Keay SK, Freeman MR. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor functionally antagonizes interstitial cystitis antiproliferative factor via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation. BJU Int. 2009 Feb;103(4):541-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.08097.x. Epub 2008 Oct 16. PubMed PMID: 18990151; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4000709.
  15. Kaczmarek P, Keay SK, Tocci GM, Koch KR, Zhang CO, Barchi JJ Jr, Grkovic D, Guo L, Michejda CJ. Structure-activity relationship studies for the peptide portion of the bladder epithelial cell antiproliferative factor from interstitial cystitis patients. J Med Chem. 2008 Oct 9;51(19):5974-83. doi: 10.1021/jm8002763. Epub 2008 Sep 13. PubMed PMID: 18788730; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2778288.
  16. Keay S. Cell signaling in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Cell Signal. 2008 Dec;20(12):2174-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.06.004. Epub 2008 Jun 19. Review. PubMed PMID: 18602988.
  17. Erickson DR, Tomaszewski JE, Kunselman AR, Stetter CM, Peters KM, Rovner ES, Demers LM, Wheeler MA, Keay SK. Urine markers do not predict biopsy findings or presence of bladder ulcers in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. J Urol. 2008 May;179(5):1850-6. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.01.047. Epub 2008 Mar 18. PubMed PMID: 18353383; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2705752.
  18. Keay S, Reeder JE, Koch K, Zhang CO, Grkovic D, Peters K, Zhang Y, Kusek JW, Nyberg LM, Payne CK, Propert KJ. Prospective evaluation of candidate urine and cell markers in patients with interstitial cystitis enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG). World J Urol. 2007 Oct;25(5):499-504. Epub 2007 Aug 13. PubMed PMID: 17694391.
  19. Kim J, Keay SK, Dimitrakov JD, Freeman MR. p53 mediates interstitial cystitis antiproliferative factor (APF)-induced growth inhibition of human urothelial cells. FEBS Lett. 2007 Aug 7;581(20):3795-9. Epub 2007 Jul 2. PubMed PMID: 17628545; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1939966.
  20. Conrads TP, Tocci GM, Hood BL, Zhang CO, Guo L, Koch KR, Michejda CJ, Veenstra TD, Keay SK. CKAP4/p63 is a receptor for the frizzled-8 protein-related antiproliferative factor from interstitial cystitis patients. J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 8;281(49):37836-43. Epub 2006 Oct 8. PubMed PMID: 17030514.
  21. Chai TC, Keay S. New theories in interstitial cystitis. Nat Clin Pract Urol. 2004 Dec;1(2):85-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 16474520.
  22. Zhang CO, Wang JY, Koch KR, Keay S. Regulation of tight junction proteins and bladder epithelial paracellular permeability by an antiproliferative factor from patients with interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2005 Dec;174(6):2382-7. PubMed PMID: 16280852.
  23. Hanno P, Keay S, Moldwin R, Van Ophoven A. International Consultation on IC - Rome, September 2004/Forging an International Consensus: progress in painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Report and abstracts. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2005 Jun;16 Suppl 1:S2-S34. PubMed PMID: 15883858.
  24. Keay SK, Szekely Z, Conrads TP, Veenstra TD, Barchi JJ Jr, Zhang CO, Koch KR, Michejda CJ. An antiproliferative factor from interstitial cystitis patients is a frizzled 8 protein-related sialoglycopeptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 10;101(32):11803-8. Epub 2004 Jul 28. PubMed PMID: 15282374; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC511055.
  25. Rashid HH, Reeder JE, O'Connell MJ, Zhang CO, Messing EM, Keay SK. Interstitial cystitis antiproliferative factor (APF) as a cell-cycle modulator. BMC Urol. 2004 Apr 6;4:3. PubMed PMID: 15068487; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC411044.
  26. Keay S, Zhang CO, Chai T, Warren J, Koch K, Grkovic D, Colville H, Alexander R. Antiproliferative factor, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, and epidermal growth factor in men with interstitial cystitis versus chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Urology. 2004 Jan;63(1):22-6. PubMed PMID: 14751340.
  27. Keay S, Seillier-Moiseiwitsch F, Zhang CO, Chai TC, Zhang J. Changes in human bladder epithelial cell gene expression associated with interstitial cystitis or antiproliferative factor treatment. Physiol Genomics. 2003 Jul 7;14(2):107-15. PubMed PMID: 12847144.
  28. Keay S, Zhang CO, Shoenfelt JL, Chai TC. Decreased in vitro proliferation of bladder epithelial cells from patients with interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2003 Jun;61(6):1278-84. PubMed PMID: 12809929.
  29. u Zhang CO, Li ZL, Shoenfelt JL, Kong CZ, Chai TC, Erickson DR, Peters KM, Rovner ES, Keay S. Comparison of APF activity and epithelial growth factor levels in urine from Chinese, African-American, and white American patients with interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2003 May;61(5):897-901. PubMed PMID: 12735999.
  30. Keay SK, Zhang CO, Shoenfelt J, Erickson DR, Whitmore K, Warren JW, Marvel R, Chai T. Sensitivity and specificity of antiproliferative factor, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, and epidermal growth factor as urine markers for interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2001 Jun;57(6 Suppl 1):9-14. PubMed PMID: 11378043.
  31. Chai TC, Zhang C, Warren JW, Keay S. Percutaneous sacral third nerve root neurostimulation improves symptoms and normalizes urinary HB-EGF levels and antiproliferative activity in patients with interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2000 May;55(5):643-6. PubMed PMID: 10792070.

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