The major contribution of the Perez-Reyes laboratory has been on the molecular physiology and pharmacology of voltage-gated calcium channels, and in particular, the cloning of low voltage-activated T-type calcium channels. These recombinant channels were then stably expressed in HEK-293 cells, and then validated by patch clamp electrophysiology and high throughout Calcium-based assays (Xie et al. 2007). Novel T-type channel blockers have been developed that show efficacy in animal models of absence epilepsy and neuropathic pain.